Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) didn’t mention himself (i.e. Allah’s anger) in this ayat for 2 reasons. Firstly he didn’t want to associate himself with almaghdoob and dalleen. Secondly, it’s not just Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) who is angry at them but on judgement day multiple entities of his creation (angels, all of humanity etc.) will be angry with them (evil people like tyrants, cheaters etc.).
According to Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), some of the followers of Musa (alaihissalam) are the example of maghdoobi alaihim and some of the followers of Isa (alaihissalam) are an example of Waladdalleen. Maghdoobi alaihim are those people who know the truth but do not follow it (they do not have the sincerity eg: Shaitan) and dalleen are the people who do not know the truth but are sincerely trying to follow it.
Hadith from Jami’ at-Tirmidhi
‘Adiyy bin Hatim (radi allahi anhu): That the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: “The Jews are those who Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is wrath with, and the Christians have strayed.”
Hence a true Muslim should have both ilm and amal i.e. knowledge and action put together. The paths, where there is knowledge but no action and where there is action but no knowledge, both should be avoided.
Why did Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) mention almaghdoob as Jews and dallen as Christians, and the Quran didn’t? Does it mean all Jews and Christians?
Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) asserted that the two paths he described here are both misguided (when He repeated the negation `not’).
Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) referred to them as Jews and Christians. He didn’t imply all the Jews and Christians that would ever live but instead referred to those Jews and Christians that are mentioned in the Quran. Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) wanted us to refer to them as case studies and stay away from that path. The path of the believers is knowledge of the truth and abiding by it. In comparison, the Jews abandoned practicing the religion, while the Christians lost the true knowledge.
This is why ‘anger’ descended upon the Jews, while being described as ‘lost’ is more appropriate of the Christians. Those who know, but avoid implementing the truth, deserve the anger, unlike those who are ignorant. The Christians wanted to seek the true knowledge, but were unable to find it because they did not seek it from its proper resources. Therefore, to understand almaghdoob we need to study about the Jews in the Quran and to understand dalleen we need to study about the Christians in the Quran.
‘Adi bin Hatim’s (radi allahu anhu) path to Islam:
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Adi bin Hatim (radi allahu anhu) said, “The horsemen of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) seized my paternal aunt and some other people. When they brought them to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), they were made to stand in line before him. My aunt said, `O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)! The supporter is far away, the offspring have stopped coming and I am an old woman, unable to serve. Grant me your favor, may Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) grant you his favor’. He said, `Who is your supporter?’ She said, `Adi bin Hatim’. He said, `The one who ran away from Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) and His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)’. She said, `So, the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) freed me.’ When the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) came back, there was a man next to him, I think that he was `Ali (radi allahu anhu), who said to her, `Ask him for a means of transportation.’ She asked the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), and he ordered that she be given an animal.” `Adi then said, “Later on, she came to me and said, `He (Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)) has done a favor that your father (who was a generous man) would never have done. So and so person came to him and he granted him his favor, and so and so came to him and he granted him his favor.’ So I went to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and found that some women and children were gathering with him, so close that I knew that he was not a king like Kisra (King of Persia) or Caesar. He said, `O `Adi! What made you run away, so that La ilaha illallah is not proclaimed? Is there a deity worthy of worship except Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala)? What made you run away, so that Allahu Akbar (Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is the Greatest) is not proclaimed? Is there anything Greater than Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala)?’ I proclaimed my Islam and I saw his face radiate with pleasure and he said: Those who have earned the anger are the Jews and those who are led astray are the Christians.”
Hadith from Jami’ at-Tirmidhi
‘Adi bin Hatim (radi allahu anhu) said: “I went to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) while he was sitting in the Masjid, the people said: ‘This is ‘Adi bin Hatim.’ And I came without having a treaty nor a writ. When I was brought to him, he took my hand. Prior to that he had said: ‘I hope that Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) will place his hand in my hand.’” He said: “He stood with me, and a woman and a boy met him and said: ‘We have a need from you.’ He stood with them, until he was finished dealing with what they wanted. Then he took me by the hand until he brought me to his house. A slave girl brought him a cushion to sit on, and I sat in front of him. He expressed thanks and praise for Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) then said: ‘What has caused you to flee from saying La Ilaha Illallah? Do you know of another god other than Him?’” He said: “I said: ‘No.’” He said: “Then he talked for some time, and then said: ‘You refuse to say Allahu Akbar because you know that there is something greater than Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala)?’” He said: “I said: ‘No.’ He said: ‘Indeed the Jews are those who Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) is wrath with, and the Christians have strayed.’” He said: “I said: ‘Indeed I am a Muslim, Hanif.’” He said: “I saw his face smiling with happiness.” He said: “Then he ordered that I stop with him at the home of a man from the Ansar, whom he would frequently visit in the mornings and the evenings. When I was with him at night, a people in woolen garments of these Nimar (a cloth with certain patterns, and the word appeared before) came. Then he performed Salat and stood to encourage them (the people) to give (charity) to them. Then he said: ‘Even with a Sa’ or half a Sa’, or a handful or part of a handful, to save the face of one of you from the heat of Hell, or the Fire. And even if it be by a date or a part of a date – for indeed one of you shall meet Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) and it shall be said to him what I say to you: “Have I not given hearing and seeing to you?” He shall say: “Of course.” It will be said: “Have I not given you wealth and children?” He shall say: “Of course.” It will be said: “So where is what you have sent forth for yourself?” He will look before him and behind him, on his right and on his left, but he shall not find anything to protect his face from the heat of Hell. Let one of you protect his face from the Fire, even if with part of a date, and if he does not find that, then with a good statement. For indeed I do not fear poverty for you – Allah (subhanahu wa ta’ala) will aid you and grant you, such that a woman can travel on her camel howda from Yathrib to Al-Hirah, or further, without fear of being robbed.’ I began thinking to myself: “Where would the thieves of Taiy’ be then?”‘